Anaphylaxis is a severe, life‑threatening allergic reaction that happens quickly, often within minutes of contact with an allergen such as certain foods, medicines, insect stings, or latex. It causes the immune system to release a surge of chemicals that can lead to swelling, breathing difficulties, a rapid drop in blood pressure, and shock.

Anaphylaxis is a severe, life-threatening allergic reaction that usually develops quickly. Symptoms can include:

Skin reactions – hives, itching, flushed skin, swelling of the lips, face, tongue or throat
Breathing problems – shortness of breath, wheezing, noisy breathing, tight chest
Circulation symptoms – dizziness, fainting, rapid heartbeat, low blood pressure
Gastrointestinal symptoms – nausea, vomiting, stomach pain, diarrhoea
Throat symptoms – difficulty swallowing, hoarse voice, feeling of throat closing
General symptoms – anxiety, confusion, collapse or loss of consciousness

⚠️ Anaphylaxis is a medical emergency. If these symptoms occur, use an adrenaline pen immediately and seek urgent medical help.

Anaphylaxis is most commonly triggered by an allergic reaction to a substance the body is sensitive to. Common causes include:

• Foods – such as peanuts, tree nuts, shellfish, fish, milk, eggs, and sesame
• Medications – including antibiotics (e.g. penicillin), painkillers, and anaesthetics
• Insect stings or bites – particularly from wasps, bees, hornets, and fire ants
• Latex – found in gloves, balloons, and some medical equipment
• Exercise – rarely, physical activity can trigger anaphylaxis, especially when combined with certain foods
• Unknown causes – in some cases, no clear trigger is identified (idiopathic anaphylaxis)

If you have a known allergy, avoiding triggers and carrying an adrenaline pen at all times can help reduce the risk of a severe reaction.